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new test:      Paradoxical Pseudomyotonia (PP) in English Cocker and English Springer Spaniels  
new test:      Dyserythropoietic Anemia and Myopathy Syndrome (DAMS) in English Springer Spaniel
new test:      Lysosomal Storage Diseases (LSD) in Dalmatian and Doberman  
new Kennel Club DNA testing schemes with LABOKLIN:
   Osteochondrodysplasia (OCD) / Skeletal Dwarfism in Miniature Poodles
  DINGS2: Deafness with Vestibular Dysfunction in Doberman
   Dyserythropoietic Anemia and Myopathy Syndrome (DAMS) in English Springer Spaniel


Yorkshire Terrier DNA bundle (CDDY/CDPA(IVDD risk)+L2HGA+PLL+prcd_PRA+SNE)

Test number: 8757

Price: £ 138.00 (including VAT) for all 5 tests

  1 ) Chondrodystrophy (CDDY with IVDD Risk) and Chondrodysplasia (CDPA)

Breeds
All Dog Breeds , American Cocker Spaniel , Basset Hound , Beagle , Bichon Frise , Cavalier King Charles Spaniel , Welsh Corgi (Cardigan) , Chesapeake Bay Retriever , Chihuahua , Coton de Tulear , Dachshund , Dandie Dinmont Terrier , English Springer Spaniel , French Bull Dog , Havanese - Bichon Havanese , Jack Russell Terrier , Miniature Poodle , Miniature Wire haired Dachshund , Miniature Long Haired Dachshund , Miniature Smooth Haired Dachshund , Nova Scotia Duck tolling Retriever ( NSDTR / Toller) , Papillon (Continental Toy Spaniel ) , Pekingese , Pembroke Welsh Corgi , Portuguese Waterdog , Scottish Terrier , Shih Tzu , Toy Poodle , West Highland White Terrier , Welsh Corgi .
Description

Chondrodystrophy (CDDY with IVDD Risk) and Chondrodysplasia (CDPA)

The test checks for two mutations: CDDY with IVDD Risk, and CDPA, and so you will receive two results, one for each mutation.

Chondrodystrophy CDDY (FGF4-12) which causes short legs and the risk of developing Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD).

Chondrodysplasia CDPA (FGF4-18), which causes the short legged phenotype in a number of breeds.

Chondrodystrophy (CDDY with IVDD Risk) is a trait that is common to many dog breeds and it is characterised by shorter legs due to shorter long bones. CDDY can also be associated with Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) due to premature degeneration of the intervertbral disc. The intervertebral disc lie between the vertebrae and it is made of a cartilage which separate vertebrae from each other, absorb shocks and allow slight movement of the vertebrae. In affected dogs, premature calcification of part of the disc at early age (from birth to 1 year of age) results in degeneration of all discs in young dogs. These abnormal discs are susceptible to herniation into the spinal canal where the inflammation, and hemorrhage can cause severe pain and neurological dysfunction. CDDY is inherited as a semi-dominant trait which means that dogs with 2 copies of the mutation are smaller than dogs with only 1 copy. As for IVDD, the inheritance follows a dominant mode, meaning that 1 copy of CDDY mutation is sufficient to predispose dogs to IVDD.

The CDDY mutation has been found in breeds such as: Basset Hound, Beagle, Bichon Frise, Cardigan Welsh Corgi, Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, Chesapeake Bay Retriever, Chihuahua, American Cocker Spaniel, Coton de Tulear, Dachshund, Dandie Dinmont Terrier, English Springer Spaniel, French Bulldog, Havanese, Jack Russell Terrier, Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever, Pekingese, Pembroke Welsh Corgi, Poodle (Miniature and Toy), Portuguese Water Dog, Scottish Terrier, Shih Tzu.

The second mutation CDPA explains the short-legged phenotype known as chondrodysplasia (CDPA) in breeds such as Basset Hound, Pembroke Welsh Corgi, Dachshunds, West Highland White Terriers and Scottish Terriers. CDPA inheritance is considered to follow am autosomal dominant mode.

In some breeds both mutations are present and so breeders will be able to plan breeding to reduce occurrence of CDDY, while retaining the short-legged phenotype CDPA.

 
Further reading
FGF4 retrogene on CFA12 is responsible for CDDY and IVDDHTML file
Phenotypic Effects of FGF4 on IVDD (2019)HTML file
Sample Requirements
Whole blood in EDTA tube (0.5 - 1 ml) or Buccal Swabs.
Turnaround
1-3 weeks

  2 ) L-2-HGA ( L- 2 - hydroxyglutaric aciduria ) L2HGA

Breeds
Staffordshire Bull Terrier , Yorkshire Terrier .
Kennel Club
This test is part of the Official UK Kennel Club DNA Testing Scheme in Staffordshire Bull Terrier.

for UK registered dogs, Laboklin can send results of the tests which are part of the Official UK Kennel Club DNA testing scheme to the Kennel Club (KC) to be recorded and published as part of the Kennel Club scheme. Results will only be recorded and published by the KC if the result report includes the dog’s microchip or tattoo number along with either the dog’s registered name or registered number. Any test results that do not carry these identifying features will not be recorded by the Kennel Club.

In order to ensure that test results are sent to the Kennel Club, customers must also sign the declaration section on the order form to give Laboklin permission to do so.

important: When you sign the declaration, Laboklin will send the results to the KC on your behalf, and you do not need to send them to the KC yourself again to avoid unnecessary duplications.

The Disease
L-2-HGA ( L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria ) in Staffordshire Bull Terriers is a neurometabolic disorder characterised by elevated levels of L-2-hydroxyglutaric acid in urine, plasma and cerebrospinal fluid.

L-2-HGA affects the central nervous system, with clinical signs usually apparent between 6 months and one year (although they can appear later). L-2-LGA produces a variety of neurological deficits, including psychomotor retardation, seizures and ataxia. Symptoms are "wobbly" gait, tremors, muscle stiffness as a result of exercise or excitement and altered behaviour.

Trait of Inheritance
L-2-HGA is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. So there are three conditions a dog can be: it can be clear or homozygous normal ( genotype N / N ) meaning that it does not carry the mutation and will not develop L-2-HGA. Since it also cannot pass the mutation onto its offspring, it can be mated to any other dog. A dog which has one copy of the gene with the mutation and one copy without the mutation is called a carrier or heterozygous (genotype N / L-2 - HGA); while it will not be affected by L-2-HGA, it can pass the mutation onto its offspring and should therefore only be mated to clear dogs. Affected puppies have two gene copies with the mutation ( genotype L-2-HGA / L-2-HGA or homozygous affected); they will always pass the mutated gene onto their offspring.


Inheritance : AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE trait


 

Sire

 

Dam

 

Offspring

         
clear
clear
100% clear
         
clear
carrier
50%  clear + 50% carriers
         
clear
affected
100% carriers
         
carrier
clear
50%  clear + 50% carriers
         
carrier
carrier
25% clear + 25% affected + 50% carriers
         
carrier
affected
50% carriers + 50% affected
         
affected
clear
100%  carriers
         
affected
carrier
50% carriers + 50% affected
         
affected
affected
100% affected

 


Clear

Genotype: N / N [ Homozygous normal ]

The dog is noncarrier of the mutant gene.

It is very unlikely that the dog will develop L-2-HGA ( L- 2 - hydroxyglutaric aciduria ) L2HGA. The dog will never pass the mutation to its offspring, and therefore it can be bred to any other dog.

 

Carrier

Genotype: N / L-2-HGA [ Heterozygous ]

The dog carries one copy of the mutant gene and one copy of the normal gene.

It is very unlikely that the dog will develop L-2-HGA ( L- 2 - hydroxyglutaric aciduria ) L2HGA but since it carries the mutant gene, it can pass it on to its offspring with the probability of 50%.

Carriers should only be bred to clear dogs.

Avoid breeding carrier to carrier because 25% of their offspring is expected to be affected (see table above)

 

Affected

Genotype: L-2-HGA / L-2-HGA [ Homozygous mutant ]

 

The dog carries two copies of the mutant gene and therefore it will pass the mutant gene to its entire offspring.

The dog is likely to develop L-2-HGA ( L- 2 - hydroxyglutaric aciduria ) L2HGA and will pass the mutant gene to its entire offspring
Description

By DNA testing, the responsible mutation can be shown directly. This method provides a test with a very high accuracy and can be done at any age. It offers the possibility to distinguish not only between affected and clear dogs, but also to identify clinically healthy carriers.

This is an essential information for controlling the disease in the breed, as carriers are able to spread the disease in the population, but can not be identified by means of common laboratory diagnostic.

To ensure maximum test reliability, the test is always performed in two independent test runs per sample.

Sample Requirements
Whole blood in EDTA tube (0.5 - 1 ml) or Buccal Swabs.
Turnaround
1 - 2 weeks

We will run this test 2 independant times on your sample to ensure that the result is 100% accurate


  3 ) Primary Lens Luxation (PLL)

Breeds
American Eskimo , American Hairless Terrier , Australian Cattle Dog , Chinese Crested , Danish Swedish Farmdog , Fox Terrier , German Hunting Terrier , Jack Russell Terrier , Jagd Terrier , Lakeland Terrier , Lancashire Heeler , Lucas Terrier , Miniature Bull Terrier , Norfolk Terrier , Norwich Terrier , Parson Russell Terrier (PRT) , Patterdale Terrier , Pug , Rat Terrier , Sealyham Terrier , Teddy Roosevelt Terrier , Tenterfield Terrier , Tibetan Terrier , Toy Fox Terrier , Volpino Italiano , Welsh Terrier , Westphalia Terrier , Wire-haired Fox Terrier , Yorkshire Terrier .
Kennel Club
This test is part of the Official UK Kennel Club DNA Testing Scheme in Chinese Crested, Jack Russell Terrier, Lancashire Heeler, Miniature Bull Terrier, Parson Russell Terrier (PRT), Sealyham Terrier, Tibetan Terrier, and Welsh Terrier.

for UK registered dogs, Laboklin can send results of the tests which are part of the Official UK Kennel Club DNA testing scheme to the Kennel Club (KC) to be recorded and published as part of the Kennel Club scheme. Results will only be recorded and published by the KC if the result report includes the dog’s microchip or tattoo number along with either the dog’s registered name or registered number. Any test results that do not carry these identifying features will not be recorded by the Kennel Club.

In order to ensure that test results are sent to the Kennel Club, customers must also sign the declaration section on the order form to give Laboklin permission to do so.

important: When you sign the declaration, Laboklin will send the results to the KC on your behalf, and you do not need to send them to the KC yourself again to avoid unnecessary duplications.

The Disease
The zonula fibres secure the position of the lens. Dogs affected from PLL have painful glaucomas and blindness due to a dislocation of the lens due to a breakdown or disintegration of the zonula fibres. PLL can be inherited or acquired. Therefore the disease might also affect genetically free dogs. First clinical signs of the inherited form of PLL are detectable at the very young age of 20 months. A complete lens luxation typically occurs at the age of 3 to 8 years.
Trait of Inheritance
Recently, Cathryn Mellersh and colleagues (Farias et al., 2010) identified a mutation in the gene ADAMTS17 that is responsible for the development of inherited PLL.

The mode of inheritance of PLL is autosomal recessive. This means that PLL-affected dogs receive one mutated gene (allel) from the mother as well as from the father. Hence, the parents need to carry at least one mutated allel.

In most cases heterozygous carriers are healthy. However, it is estimated that about 2 – 20 % of the carriers will develop PLL.


Inheritance : AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE trait


 

Sire

 

Dam

 

Offspring

         
clear
clear
100% clear
         
clear
carrier
50%  clear + 50% carriers
         
clear
affected
100% carriers
         
carrier
clear
50%  clear + 50% carriers
         
carrier
carrier
25% clear + 25% affected + 50% carriers
         
carrier
affected
50% carriers + 50% affected
         
affected
clear
100%  carriers
         
affected
carrier
50% carriers + 50% affected
         
affected
affected
100% affected

 


Clear

Genotype: N / N [ Homozygous normal ]

The dog is noncarrier of the mutant gene.

A dog like this is healthy and does not carry the mutated allel responsible for PLL disease. Offspring of this dog will not get the mutated allel.

 

Carrier

Genotype: N / PLL [ Heterozygous ]

The dog carries one copy of the mutant gene and one copy of the normal gene.

The dog has one copy of the normal allel and in addition one copy of the mutated allel. Carriers have a low risk of developing PLL, however they will pass on the mutation to their offspring. In most cases heterozygous carriers are healthy. However, it is estimated that about 2 – 20 % of the carriers will develop PLL

 

Affected

Genotype: PLL / PLL [ Homozygous mutant ]

 

The dog carries two copies of the mutant gene and therefore it will pass the mutant gene to its entire offspring.

The dog has two copies of the mutated allel. Affected dogs have a high risk of developing PLL during their lifetime. The mutated allel will be passed to 100% of the offspring. It is recommended to examine the eyes of genetically affected dogs every 6 months by a specialist in order to detect the clinical signs of PLL as early as possible.
Sample Requirements
Whole blood in EDTA tube (0.5 - 1 ml) or Buccal Swabs.
Turnaround
1 - 2 weeks

  4 ) Progressive Retinal Atrophy (prcd-PRA): (8094P / 8127)

Kennel Club: results of this test is accepted by the Kennel Club
Breeds
All Dog Breeds , American Cocker Spaniel , American Eskimo , Australian Cattle Dog , Australian Shepherd , Australian Stumpy Tail Cattle Dog , Australian Stumpy tail cattle Dog , Barbet (French Water Dog) , Bearded Collie , Bolognese , Bolonka Zwetna (Tsvetnaya Bolonki) , Cavapoo , Chesapeake Bay Retriever , Chihuahua , Chinese Crested , Cockapoo (English) , Cockapoo (American) , Cocker Spaniel , Dwarf poodle , English Cocker Spaniel , English shepherd , Entlebuch Mountain dog , Finnish Lapphund , German Spitz (Mittel) , Giant Schnauzer , Golden Retriever , Goldendoodle , Jack Russell Terrier , Japanese Chin , Karelian Bear Dog , Kuvasz , Labradoodle , Labrador Retriever , Lagotto Romagnolo , Lapponian Herder , Markiesje , Miniature Poodle , Miniature American Shepherd , Norwegian Elkhound , Nova Scotia Duck tolling Retriever ( NSDTR / Toller) , Parson Russell Terrier (PRT) , Poodle , Portuguese Waterdog , Schipperke , Australian Silky Terrier , Spanish Water Dog , Standard Poodle , Swedish Lapp Hund , Toy Poodle , Waeller (Wäller) , Yorkshire Terrier .
Kennel Club
This test is part of the Official UK Kennel Club DNA Testing Scheme in American Cocker Spaniel, Australian Cattle Dog, Australian Shepherd, Barbet (French Water Dog), Chesapeake Bay Retriever, Chinese Crested, Cocker Spaniel, English Cocker Spaniel, Entlebuch Mountain dog, Finnish Lapphund, Giant Schnauzer, Labrador Retriever, Miniature Poodle, Norwegian Elkhound, Nova Scotia Duck tolling Retriever ( NSDTR / Toller), Portuguese Waterdog, Spanish Water Dog, Standard Poodle, and Toy Poodle.

for UK registered dogs, Laboklin can send results of the tests which are part of the Official UK Kennel Club DNA testing scheme to the Kennel Club (KC) to be recorded and published as part of the Kennel Club scheme. Results will only be recorded and published by the KC if the result report includes the dog’s microchip or tattoo number along with either the dog’s registered name or registered number. Any test results that do not carry these identifying features will not be recorded by the Kennel Club.

In order to ensure that test results are sent to the Kennel Club, customers must also sign the declaration section on the order form to give Laboklin permission to do so.

important: When you sign the declaration, Laboklin will send the results to the KC on your behalf, and you do not need to send them to the KC yourself again to avoid unnecessary duplications.

The Disease
Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) as an inherited disease occurs in many dog breeds and also in different forms. The form of progressive rod-cone degeneration (prcd-PRA) is a photoreceptor degeneration in dogs with varying ages of onset. This genetic disorder causes the degeneration of retinal cells in the eye: firstly, rod cells are affected, thus leading to progressive night blindness. Secondly, degeneration of the cone cells results in complete blindness of the dog, even in full light situations during the day.

Age of onset of clinical symptoms is typically in early adolescence or early adulthood. However, the onset of the disease may vary among different dog breeds.

Since diagnosis of retinal diseases in dogs may prove difficult, the genetic test on prcd-PRA helps to diagnose a specific disease and is also a useful tool for breeders to eliminate the mutated gene from the dog population.

Please note that Lapponian Herder can be affected two other forms of PRA, the IFT122-PRA and the Canine Multi-Focal Retinopathy (CMR) which is caused by a mutation in the BEST1-gene.

Trait of Inheritance
The mutation in the PRCD gene which has been suggested to cause prcd-PRA has recently been published by the group of Gustavo D. Aguirre at the University of Pennsylvania, USA, and could be found in several dog breeds. Prcd-PRA is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. So there are three conditions a dog can be: it can be clear (genotype N/N or homozygous normal) meaning that it does not carry the mutation and will not develop the prcd-form of PRA. Since it also cannot pass the mutation onto its offspring, it can be mated to any other dog.

A dog which has one copy of the PRCD gene with the mutation and one copy without the mutation is called a carrier or heterozygous (genotype N/PRA); while it will not be affected by prcd-PRA, it can pass the mutation onto its offspring and should therefore only be mated to clear dogs. Dogs that develop this form of PRA have two PRCD gene copies with the mutation (genotype PRA/PRA or homozygous affected); they will always pass the mutated gene onto their offspring and should also be mated only to clear dogs..


Inheritance : AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE trait


 

Sire

 

Dam

 

Offspring

         
clear
clear
100% clear
         
clear
carrier
50%  clear + 50% carriers
         
clear
affected
100% carriers
         
carrier
clear
50%  clear + 50% carriers
         
carrier
carrier
25% clear + 25% affected + 50% carriers
         
carrier
affected
50% carriers + 50% affected
         
affected
clear
100%  carriers
         
affected
carrier
50% carriers + 50% affected
         
affected
affected
100% affected

 


Clear

Genotype: N / N [ Homozygous normal ]

The dog is noncarrier of the mutant gene.

It is very unlikely that the dog will develop Progressive Retinal Atrophy (prcd-PRA): (8094P / 8127). The dog will never pass the mutation to its offspring, and therefore it can be bred to any other dog.

 

Carrier

Genotype: N / PRA [ Heterozygous ]

The dog carries one copy of the mutant gene and one copy of the normal gene.

It is very unlikely that the dog will develop Progressive Retinal Atrophy (prcd-PRA): (8094P / 8127) but since it carries the mutant gene, it can pass it on to its offspring with the probability of 50%.

Carriers should only be bred to clear dogs.

Avoid breeding carrier to carrier because 25% of their offspring is expected to be affected (see table above)

 

Affected

Genotype: PRA / PRA [ Homozygous mutant ]

 

The dog carries two copies of the mutant gene and therefore it will pass the mutant gene to its entire offspring.

The dog is likely to develop Progressive Retinal Atrophy (prcd-PRA): (8094P / 8127) and will pass the mutant gene to its entire offspring
Sample Requirements
Whole blood in EDTA tube (0.5 - 1 ml) or Buccal Swabs.
Turnaround
2 - 3 weeks

  5 ) Subacute Necrotizing Encephalopathy (SNE)

Breed
Yorkshire Terrier .
The Disease
Subacute Necrotizing Encephalopathy (SNE) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder in Yorkshire terriers. The disease is characterised by abnormal gait, central visual deficits and reduced mental state.
Sample Requirements
Whole blood in EDTA tube (0.5 - 1 ml) or Buccal Swabs.
Turnaround
1-2 weeks
Price for the above 5 tests
£ 138.00 (including VAT)

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