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Breeds
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Landseer
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Newfoundland
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The Disease |
Cystinuria is an inherited disorder caused by a defective transport of the amino acid cystine in the kidney tubules. Normally, cystine is filtered in the kidney and reabsorbed within the tubules, resulting in little cystine in the urine. Dogs with Cystinuria do not properly reabsorb the cystine (and a few other amino acids) in the kidney tubules, causing the urine to contain abnormally high levels of cystine. Cystine is insoluble in neutral pH or acidic urine, so excess urinary cystine results in the formation of crystals, which in turn can lead to formation of cystine calculi (stones) in the kidney and/or the bladder.
Dogs suffering from Cystinuria suffer repeated urinary tract inflammations, and are at risk for urinary blockage, which can, if not treated promptly, lead to kidney failure, bladder rupture, and death.
The average age of onset of clinical signs attributable to Cystinuria is about 4.8 years, but in Newfoundlands, signs appear as early as 6 months to 1 year, suggesting that Newfoundlands suffer from a more severe form of the disorder than other breeds.
Treatment of the Disease
Cystinuria in humans and dogs is generally treated with compounds that bind cystine and prevent crystal formation. The two most common drugs of choice are 2-mercaptopropionylglycine (MPG) and D-penicillamine. Little information is available on effective dosages for Newfoundlands, however, at least one study indicated that affected Newfoundlands require higher dosages of MPG than other dogs with Cystinuria. D-penicillamine was found to be of minimal benefit in reducing cystine calculi. This may relate to the fact that Newfoundlands suffer from a more severe form of the disorder than other breeds. Treatment with MPG can, in some cases, result in dissolution of cystine calculi, therefore eliminating the need for surgical removal of the stones. Unfortunately, some Newfoundlands are poorly responsive to medical treatment, suffering from recurring bouts of urinary dysfunction, and, oftentimes, requiring surgery to resolve urinary calculi
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Trait of Inheritance |
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Cystinuria is an inherited autosomal recessive trait. This means that a dog can be genetically clear (homozygous normal), affected, or a carrier (heterozygous). The carriers can spread the diseased gene in the population. Therefore, reliable information on non-affected dogs is the key to controlling this disease.
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Inheritance : AUTOSOMAL
RECESSIVE
trait
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Sire |
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Dam |
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Offspring |
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Clear
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x |
Clear
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100% Clear
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clear
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x |
carrier
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50% Clear + 50%
carriers
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clear
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x |
affected
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> |
100% carriers
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carrier
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x |
Clear
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> |
50% Clear + 50%
carriers
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carrier
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x |
carrier
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> |
25% clear + 25% affected
+ 50% carriers
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carrier
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x |
affected
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> |
50% carriers + 50%
affected
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affected
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x |
Clear
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> |
100% carriers
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affected
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x |
carrier
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> |
50% carriers + 50%
affected
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affected
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x |
affected
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> |
100% affected
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Clear
Genotype: N / N [ Homozygous normal ]
The dog is noncarrier of the mutant gene.
The dog will never develop Cystinuria and therefore it can be bred to any other dog.
Carrier
Genotype: N / CY [ Heterozygous ]
The dog carries one copy of the mutant gene and one
copy of the normal gene.
The dog will never develop Cystinuria but since it carries the mutant gene, it can pass it on to its offspring with the probability of 50%. Carriers should only be bred to clear dogs. Avoid breeding carrier to carrier because 25% of their offspring is expected to be affected (see table above)
Affected
Genotype: CY / CY [ Homozygous mutant ]
The dog carries two copies of the mutant gene and
therefore it will pass the mutant gene to its entire offspring.
The dog will develop Cystinuria and will pass the mutant gene to its entire offspring
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Description |
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This is a mutation-based gene test, which offers many advantages over other methods
The genetic defect leading to the disease has been identified. By DNA testing the responsible mutation can be shown directly. This method provides a very high accuracy test and can be done at any age. It offers the possibility to distinguish not only between affected and clear dogs, but also to identify clinically healthy carriers. This is an essential information for controlling the disease in the breed as carriers are able to spread the disease in the population, but can not be identified by means of common laboratory diagnostic.
If a particularly valuable dog turns out to be a carrier, it can be bred to a non-affected animal, and non-carrier puppies can be saved for the next round of breeding.
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Turnaround |
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withing 7 working days
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Price
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£ 55.00 (including VAT)
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| To order:
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Download
Order Form from this link 
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Complete the order form and send it together
with your samples to the following address:
Laboklin (UK), 125 Northenden Road, Manchester, M33 3HF
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Dogs
Cats
